Pierre-Auguste Renoir was born in Limoges on February 25, 1841. His father was a modest craftsman who moved with his family to Paris in 1845, when Renoir was four years old.In Paris the family get installed in a house located in the enclosure of the Louvre. His parents hesitated between orientating the education of his fourth son towards the painting or music.Finally, he inclined towards the option of "artist", this time in the version of the drawing applied to the industry of the porcelain, speciality of Limoges.
It joins at 13 years old as apprentice of a workshop of painting porcelain, with the hope to enter some day Sèvres's famous Manufacture.His labor consisted of adorning with sprigs of flowers pieces of white bottom, then, once again freely in his trade, it changed the flowers into the figures. It was there where Renoir would learn to do with flexible, round and sharp paintbrushes, and with fluid colors.
All his life would preserve the habit of cashing in of the limpidity of a color that stops to reveal the bottom.
During the day of work he had a rest which our protagonist was useful to go to the Louvre to copy ancient fabrics.n one of this playtime, Renoir discovered the Source of the Innocent ones, of Jean Goujon, and with her, his fascination for the sculptural plastic arts at the age of 14 years. These attractions would mark his work: the plastic sculpture of the feminine body and that of the limpid colors that act for transparency.
Renoir enters with 21 years, in Gleyre's workshop to learn painting. In autumn, while it expires a period of military service, Bazille, Monet and Sisley came to Charles Gleyre's workshop.
In the following years, a friendship arises with Cézanne, Pissarro and Guillaumin, pupils of the study Suisse. Renoir presented his work for the first time to the Lounge of 1864, and was admitted: Emerald, dancing with his goat.
In the summer of 1865 the Lounge accepted again Renoir's sending, but the following year the juror gave a much less favorable verdict.The juror rejected Renoir's Reveille, though in three following years it managed to place his pictures.
Renoir's small successes, didn't save him from the material escases. His friend Bazille gave him housing in his study, and together they painted postcards to gain something of money.
The years later to the lost war francoprusiana were surprisingly of a great economic prosperity in France.The prices of the paintings increased, and up to in some cases impressionistic paintings were sold by unexpectedly high sums of money.Paul Durand-Ruel received the painters rejected by the official critique, in spite of that it should have waited to the future to obtain benefits.In 1870 it had known in London Pissarro and Monet and also it had discovered in 1873 Renoir.
in the year 1873, Durand-Ruel felt obliged to restrict the help that was giving the painters. These formed a " Société anonyme coopérative ", and on April 15, 1874, in the places newly removed from the photographer Nadar, opened his own exhibition.
The new school already had in traffic his impresionists' motto.
In April, 1876 the impresionists exhibited together for the second time, in this occasion in Durand-Ruel's gallery, but the critique was not favorable either.
In April of the following year, they exhibited for third time, but once again the critics of the most important newspapers joked and nobody bought.
Renoir was detesting the anarchism of some painters as Jean François and Armand Guillaumin, and neither he was sharing Pissarro's socialist ideas.
The 30 last years of Renoir's life were darkened by the bitterness of a serious disease and for the destination of all the artists who age: of having to see how his art was checked and overcome by the generation who was coming pushing.
It worked at the end of the 80's several times with Cézanne and with Berthe Morisot, up to the death of this one in 1895.
He don't only presented his pictures in 1896 and 1899 in exhibitions organized by Durand-Ruel,In 1904 in the Autumn lounge and in 1913 in the gallery Bernheim of Paris,But it was also in the Centennale, the sample of French art of the 19th century in the universal exhibition of Paris of 1900 and it received the cross of Honor's Legion.Pierre-Auguste Renoir died on December 3, 1919.
jueves, 30 de septiembre de 2010
Impresionism
The impresionism in painting departed from the disagreement with the classic topics and with the artistic formulae praised by the French Academy of Fine arts. The impresionists chose the painting outdoors and the topics of the daily life. His first aim was to obtain a spontaneous and direct representation of the world, and for it they centred on the effects that the natural light produces on the objects. The most important painters were: Edgar Degas, Claude Monet, Berthe Morisot, Camille Pissarro, y Auguste Renoir.
The impresionists worried more for catching the incident of the light on the object that for the exact representation of his forms, due to the fact that the light tends to blur the contours and it reflects the colors of the surrounding objects in the zones of semidarkness. The academic painters were defining the forms by means of a tonal gradation, using the black and the brown for the shades. The impresionists eliminated the meticulous details and only they suggested the forms, using for it the primary colors-cyan, magenta and yellow and complementary orange, green and violet.They offered an illusion of reality applying directly on the linen brushstrokes of color short and juxtaposed, that mixed by the retina of the observer from an ideal distance were increasing the luminosity by means of the contrast of a primary color (as the magenta) with his complementary (green one). Thus, the impresionists achieved a major brilliancy in his paintings that the one that takes place normally on having mixed the pigments before applying them.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (25 February 1841 – 3 December 1919)was a French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style. As a celebrator of beauty, and especially feminine sensuality, it has been said that "Renoir is the final representative of a tradition which runs directly from Rubens to Watteau.
He was born in Limoges, Haute-Vienne, France, the child of a working class family. As a boy, he worked in a porcelain factory where his drawing talents led to him being chosen to paint designs on fine china.He also painted hangings for overseas missionaries and decorations on fans before he enrolled in art school. During those early years, he often visited the Louvre to study the French master painters.
Renoir experienced his initial acclaim when six of his paintings hung in the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874. In the same year, two of his works were shown with Durand-Ruel in London.
Around 1892, Renoir developed rheumatoid arthritis. In 1907, he moved to the warmer climate of "Les Collettes," a farm at Cagnes-sur-Mer, close to the Mediterranean coast.Renoir painted during the last twenty years of his life, even when arthritis severely limited his movement, and he was wheelchair-bound. He developed progressive deformities in his hands and ankylosis of his right shoulder, requiring him to adapt his painting technique. It has often been reported that in the advanced stages of his arthritis, he painted by having a brush strapped to his paralyzed fingers,but this is erroneous; Renoir remained able to grasp a brush, although he required an assistant to place it in his hand.[13] The wrapping of his hands with bandages, apparent in late photographs of the artist, served to prevent skin irritation.
During this period, he created sculptures by cooperating with a young artist, Richard Guino, who worked the clay. Renoir also used a moving canvas, or picture roll, to facilitate painting large works with his limited joint mobility.
Renoir's paintings are notable for their vibrant light and saturated color, most often focusing on people in intimate and candid compositions. The female nude was one of his primary subjects. In characteristic Impressionist style, Renoir suggested the details of a scene through freely brushed touches of color, so that his figures softly fuse with one another and their surroundings.
I chose "Le déjeuner des canotiers" in english call Luncheon of the Boating Party, it's a painting by French impressionist Pierre-Auguste Renoir. It is currently housed in The Phillips Collection in Washington, D.C.(1881).The painting depicts a group of Renoir's friends relaxing on a balcony at the Maison Fournaise along the Seine river in Chatou, France. The painter and art patron, Gustave Caillebotte, is seated in the lower right. Renoir's future wife, Aline Charigot, is in the foreground playing with a small dog.
I think that is a really beautiful painting, so simple, so colourful, so real. For me represents creativity I don't know, just by the simple fact that as I paint, I've always think and think what to do, and he just see a funny set or a daily set and he painted without thinking so much. And I think he is such a good painter, so many perfection related to impresionism, details, etc.
The impresionists worried more for catching the incident of the light on the object that for the exact representation of his forms, due to the fact that the light tends to blur the contours and it reflects the colors of the surrounding objects in the zones of semidarkness. The academic painters were defining the forms by means of a tonal gradation, using the black and the brown for the shades. The impresionists eliminated the meticulous details and only they suggested the forms, using for it the primary colors-cyan, magenta and yellow and complementary orange, green and violet.They offered an illusion of reality applying directly on the linen brushstrokes of color short and juxtaposed, that mixed by the retina of the observer from an ideal distance were increasing the luminosity by means of the contrast of a primary color (as the magenta) with his complementary (green one). Thus, the impresionists achieved a major brilliancy in his paintings that the one that takes place normally on having mixed the pigments before applying them.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (25 February 1841 – 3 December 1919)was a French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style. As a celebrator of beauty, and especially feminine sensuality, it has been said that "Renoir is the final representative of a tradition which runs directly from Rubens to Watteau.
He was born in Limoges, Haute-Vienne, France, the child of a working class family. As a boy, he worked in a porcelain factory where his drawing talents led to him being chosen to paint designs on fine china.He also painted hangings for overseas missionaries and decorations on fans before he enrolled in art school. During those early years, he often visited the Louvre to study the French master painters.
Renoir experienced his initial acclaim when six of his paintings hung in the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874. In the same year, two of his works were shown with Durand-Ruel in London.
Around 1892, Renoir developed rheumatoid arthritis. In 1907, he moved to the warmer climate of "Les Collettes," a farm at Cagnes-sur-Mer, close to the Mediterranean coast.Renoir painted during the last twenty years of his life, even when arthritis severely limited his movement, and he was wheelchair-bound. He developed progressive deformities in his hands and ankylosis of his right shoulder, requiring him to adapt his painting technique. It has often been reported that in the advanced stages of his arthritis, he painted by having a brush strapped to his paralyzed fingers,but this is erroneous; Renoir remained able to grasp a brush, although he required an assistant to place it in his hand.[13] The wrapping of his hands with bandages, apparent in late photographs of the artist, served to prevent skin irritation.
During this period, he created sculptures by cooperating with a young artist, Richard Guino, who worked the clay. Renoir also used a moving canvas, or picture roll, to facilitate painting large works with his limited joint mobility.
Renoir's paintings are notable for their vibrant light and saturated color, most often focusing on people in intimate and candid compositions. The female nude was one of his primary subjects. In characteristic Impressionist style, Renoir suggested the details of a scene through freely brushed touches of color, so that his figures softly fuse with one another and their surroundings.
I chose "Le déjeuner des canotiers" in english call Luncheon of the Boating Party, it's a painting by French impressionist Pierre-Auguste Renoir. It is currently housed in The Phillips Collection in Washington, D.C.(1881).The painting depicts a group of Renoir's friends relaxing on a balcony at the Maison Fournaise along the Seine river in Chatou, France. The painter and art patron, Gustave Caillebotte, is seated in the lower right. Renoir's future wife, Aline Charigot, is in the foreground playing with a small dog.
I think that is a really beautiful painting, so simple, so colourful, so real. For me represents creativity I don't know, just by the simple fact that as I paint, I've always think and think what to do, and he just see a funny set or a daily set and he painted without thinking so much. And I think he is such a good painter, so many perfection related to impresionism, details, etc.
martes, 21 de septiembre de 2010
DTS EXAM (:
a) PROBLEM ONE:
Problem: Imagine that you go to Europe with your friends. Denmark is your last stop and you are almost out of money. Some people in your group get very ill. You have to take a decision whether to stay or get back in Aguascalientes. Consider that University has already started and you are broke. Decide what to do.
Variables: Money, the gravity of the illness, time, distance, place.
Consequences: 1) if I leave the person in Denmark for me going to the university, probably there's not going to be anybody to take care of her/him.
2) if i leave him/her in Denmark in a hospital, probably his/her parents are going to need to pay the hospital over there, and maybe they do not have the necessary money to continue monitoring her in that country.
3) If I stay with him/her, I'd probably gonna lose the school year, when I'm already pass the college exam.
4) If I leave her/him without money, place to live, sick, and without anybody to take care of her/him, and she/he gets worst, I'm going to feel guilty.
5) If I stay with her/him and we don't have enough money for her/his illness, I'm going to suffer of hunger, and I’m not going to be comfortable, maybe we are not going to have any place to sleep or bathroom or anything.
Possibilities: 1) Call Stine, tell her the situation and ask her if we could stay in her home at least until him/her gets better and I can work to save some money to return home.
2) Call her/his parents for sending me money to take her/him to a doctor and ask them to give me money for the ticket of their daughter/ son for returning to Mexico and call my parents for money too.
3) Ask Stine's parents if they could lend us their health service because in Denmark for Danish people government give it for free and I'd work for saving money to return to Mexico.
Points of View: Of my point of view, I do think it would be easier if we ask to our parents to send us money and it do is faster to! but at the same time, I think we need to be independent and get out of the troubles we have because our bad administration and the not expected illness, but it's super difficult to get a job in days and even more in a country that is not yours and you don't even know the language!
Planning: Well, first that I already established the problem, variables, consequences, etc, now it’s time to plan the solution, so I have to analyze the circumstance and chose what is the best for both of us, easier and quick.
Decision making: I based my decision on my own, what I think it is the best for both of us, so I decided to mix some options, and I decided to call Stine and ask her if we could stay in her house for this week while our parents send us money to get back home and see if she/he gets better. I'm writing a letter for the college principal and asked him if I can arrive 2 weeks later to school and I'm going to advantage everything I lost.
b) PROBLEM TWO: Define according to your preferences the place that u would visit in Europe based on the most important five variables that u consider. Use whichever decision making tool.
Variables: Money, Likes ( place I want to go), Time, Culture, Food.
I used the T of Lincoln and I chose 2 countries to do it. I chose the countries for my criteria, because I chose my 2 favorite countries.
Well I did 2 tables, one for Italy and one for Ireland, which the pros and cons for each country.
Italy had 470 total points of pros and 180 totals of cons, so Italy had more pros than cons.
Ireland had 300 total points in the pros and 290 in the cons, the pros won too.
But now, between Italy and Ireland, Italy won by 180 points. So I decided to go to Italy, and I'm super happy because it is my very favorite country! =DDDD
c) Establish and explain what would be the most important rules and principles that you would follow during a trip.
Principles: 1 saving money
2 knowing places
3 Organizations
4 Happiness
Rules: 1- Save as much money as I can
2- Try to visit as many touristic places as possible
3- Organize my schedule for spending my time as better as possible.
4- Have as much fun as I can!
d) definition of creativity thinking: Creative thinking involves creating something new or original. It involves the skills of flexibility, originality, fluency, elaboration, brainstorming, modification, imagery, associative thinking, attribute listing, metaphorical thinking, forced relationships. The aim of creative thinking is to stimulate curiosity and promote divergence.
e) Creativity: is defined as the tendency to generate or recognize ideas, alternatives, or possibilities that may be useful in solving problems, communicating with others, and entertaining ourselves and others.
f) DEFINITION OF DIFFERENT STYLE OF THINKING:
Critical thinking: This is convergent thinking. It assesses the worth and validity of something existent. It involves precise, persistent, objective analysis. When teachers try to get several learners to think convergent, they try to help them develop common understanding.
Creative thinking: This is divergent thinking. It generates something new or different. It involves having a different idea that works as well or better than previous ideas.
Convergent thinking: This type of thinking is cognitive processing of information around a common point, an attempt to bring thoughts from different directions into a union or common conclusion.
Divergent thinking: This type of thinking starts from a common point and moves outward into a variety of perspectives. When fostering divergent thinking, teachers use the content as a vehicle to prompt diverse or unique thinking among students rather than a common view.
Inductive thinking: This is the process of reasoning from parts to the whole, from examples to generalizations.
Deductive thinking: This type of reasoning moves from the whole to its parts, from generalizations to underlying concepts to examples.
Closed questions: These are questions asked by teachers that have predictable responses. Closed questions almost always require factual recall rather than higher levels of thinking.
Open questions: These are questions that do not have predictable answers. Open questions almost always require higher order thinking.
g) EXPLAIN HOW BENJAMIN FRANKLIN TOOK DECISONS AND MENTION SOME:
Mr. Franklin used to divide a sheet of paper into two and write the pros and cons of a decision he had to take, analyzing the situation and giving a range of 3 or 4 days to continue writing motives, he gave a certain weight to the pros and cons and then saw like he said "where the balance lies" if he see same cons and pros he eliminate them. He gave 2 more days and if any new important consideration happens, he came to a determination.
Advantages: you can analyze all the pros and cons, and the position to have a "balance" and it's easier because it is not what you want the most but the thing is more combining.
Disadvantages: that maybe you're not sure about the pros and cons, or the will can in some way manipulate them. There's a range of "mistake" or difference between people thinking in case you're working in team or with other person.
h) DECISION TREES: are useful tools for helping you to choose between several courses of action.
They provide a highly effective structure within which you can explore options, and investigate the possible outcomes of choosing those options. They also help you to form a balanced picture of the risks and rewards associated with each possible course of action.
This makes them particularly useful for choosing between different strategies, projects or investment opportunities, particularly when your resources are limited.
How to use it: It's like a storm of ideas, and it is started with a decision you need to make, you have to represent that decision in a square at the left hand side of a sheet, from this box you draw lines with the possible solutions and write a short description along the line keeping them as far as possible so you can expand you thoughts and ideas, after you need to analyze the results and if your decision is uncertain you draw a circle in the line and if the result is another certain decision you write it in another square.
Remember squares are decisions and circles uncertain possibilities. Then write the decision or factor above the square or circle. If you have completed the solution at the end of the line, just leave it blank.
Starting from the new decision that written in the square, draw out lines representing the options that you could select. From the circles draw lines representing possible outcomes. Again make a brief note on the line saying what it means. Keep on doing this until you have drawn out as many of the possible outcomes and decisions as you can see leading on from the original decisions.
Problem: Imagine that you go to Europe with your friends. Denmark is your last stop and you are almost out of money. Some people in your group get very ill. You have to take a decision whether to stay or get back in Aguascalientes. Consider that University has already started and you are broke. Decide what to do.
Variables: Money, the gravity of the illness, time, distance, place.
Consequences: 1) if I leave the person in Denmark for me going to the university, probably there's not going to be anybody to take care of her/him.
2) if i leave him/her in Denmark in a hospital, probably his/her parents are going to need to pay the hospital over there, and maybe they do not have the necessary money to continue monitoring her in that country.
3) If I stay with him/her, I'd probably gonna lose the school year, when I'm already pass the college exam.
4) If I leave her/him without money, place to live, sick, and without anybody to take care of her/him, and she/he gets worst, I'm going to feel guilty.
5) If I stay with her/him and we don't have enough money for her/his illness, I'm going to suffer of hunger, and I’m not going to be comfortable, maybe we are not going to have any place to sleep or bathroom or anything.
Possibilities: 1) Call Stine, tell her the situation and ask her if we could stay in her home at least until him/her gets better and I can work to save some money to return home.
2) Call her/his parents for sending me money to take her/him to a doctor and ask them to give me money for the ticket of their daughter/ son for returning to Mexico and call my parents for money too.
3) Ask Stine's parents if they could lend us their health service because in Denmark for Danish people government give it for free and I'd work for saving money to return to Mexico.
Points of View: Of my point of view, I do think it would be easier if we ask to our parents to send us money and it do is faster to! but at the same time, I think we need to be independent and get out of the troubles we have because our bad administration and the not expected illness, but it's super difficult to get a job in days and even more in a country that is not yours and you don't even know the language!
Planning: Well, first that I already established the problem, variables, consequences, etc, now it’s time to plan the solution, so I have to analyze the circumstance and chose what is the best for both of us, easier and quick.
Decision making: I based my decision on my own, what I think it is the best for both of us, so I decided to mix some options, and I decided to call Stine and ask her if we could stay in her house for this week while our parents send us money to get back home and see if she/he gets better. I'm writing a letter for the college principal and asked him if I can arrive 2 weeks later to school and I'm going to advantage everything I lost.
b) PROBLEM TWO: Define according to your preferences the place that u would visit in Europe based on the most important five variables that u consider. Use whichever decision making tool.
Variables: Money, Likes ( place I want to go), Time, Culture, Food.
I used the T of Lincoln and I chose 2 countries to do it. I chose the countries for my criteria, because I chose my 2 favorite countries.
Well I did 2 tables, one for Italy and one for Ireland, which the pros and cons for each country.
Italy had 470 total points of pros and 180 totals of cons, so Italy had more pros than cons.
Ireland had 300 total points in the pros and 290 in the cons, the pros won too.
But now, between Italy and Ireland, Italy won by 180 points. So I decided to go to Italy, and I'm super happy because it is my very favorite country! =DDDD
c) Establish and explain what would be the most important rules and principles that you would follow during a trip.
Principles: 1 saving money
2 knowing places
3 Organizations
4 Happiness
Rules: 1- Save as much money as I can
2- Try to visit as many touristic places as possible
3- Organize my schedule for spending my time as better as possible.
4- Have as much fun as I can!
d) definition of creativity thinking: Creative thinking involves creating something new or original. It involves the skills of flexibility, originality, fluency, elaboration, brainstorming, modification, imagery, associative thinking, attribute listing, metaphorical thinking, forced relationships. The aim of creative thinking is to stimulate curiosity and promote divergence.
e) Creativity: is defined as the tendency to generate or recognize ideas, alternatives, or possibilities that may be useful in solving problems, communicating with others, and entertaining ourselves and others.
f) DEFINITION OF DIFFERENT STYLE OF THINKING:
Critical thinking: This is convergent thinking. It assesses the worth and validity of something existent. It involves precise, persistent, objective analysis. When teachers try to get several learners to think convergent, they try to help them develop common understanding.
Creative thinking: This is divergent thinking. It generates something new or different. It involves having a different idea that works as well or better than previous ideas.
Convergent thinking: This type of thinking is cognitive processing of information around a common point, an attempt to bring thoughts from different directions into a union or common conclusion.
Divergent thinking: This type of thinking starts from a common point and moves outward into a variety of perspectives. When fostering divergent thinking, teachers use the content as a vehicle to prompt diverse or unique thinking among students rather than a common view.
Inductive thinking: This is the process of reasoning from parts to the whole, from examples to generalizations.
Deductive thinking: This type of reasoning moves from the whole to its parts, from generalizations to underlying concepts to examples.
Closed questions: These are questions asked by teachers that have predictable responses. Closed questions almost always require factual recall rather than higher levels of thinking.
Open questions: These are questions that do not have predictable answers. Open questions almost always require higher order thinking.
g) EXPLAIN HOW BENJAMIN FRANKLIN TOOK DECISONS AND MENTION SOME:
Mr. Franklin used to divide a sheet of paper into two and write the pros and cons of a decision he had to take, analyzing the situation and giving a range of 3 or 4 days to continue writing motives, he gave a certain weight to the pros and cons and then saw like he said "where the balance lies" if he see same cons and pros he eliminate them. He gave 2 more days and if any new important consideration happens, he came to a determination.
Advantages: you can analyze all the pros and cons, and the position to have a "balance" and it's easier because it is not what you want the most but the thing is more combining.
Disadvantages: that maybe you're not sure about the pros and cons, or the will can in some way manipulate them. There's a range of "mistake" or difference between people thinking in case you're working in team or with other person.
h) DECISION TREES: are useful tools for helping you to choose between several courses of action.
They provide a highly effective structure within which you can explore options, and investigate the possible outcomes of choosing those options. They also help you to form a balanced picture of the risks and rewards associated with each possible course of action.
This makes them particularly useful for choosing between different strategies, projects or investment opportunities, particularly when your resources are limited.
How to use it: It's like a storm of ideas, and it is started with a decision you need to make, you have to represent that decision in a square at the left hand side of a sheet, from this box you draw lines with the possible solutions and write a short description along the line keeping them as far as possible so you can expand you thoughts and ideas, after you need to analyze the results and if your decision is uncertain you draw a circle in the line and if the result is another certain decision you write it in another square.
Remember squares are decisions and circles uncertain possibilities. Then write the decision or factor above the square or circle. If you have completed the solution at the end of the line, just leave it blank.
Starting from the new decision that written in the square, draw out lines representing the options that you could select. From the circles draw lines representing possible outcomes. Again make a brief note on the line saying what it means. Keep on doing this until you have drawn out as many of the possible outcomes and decisions as you can see leading on from the original decisions.
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